Application for UNSW Golden Jubilee Scholarship Essay

Application for UNSW Golden Jubilee Scholarship - Essay Example I wish to have the option to create immunization that can be taken by sound individuals so as to forestall the section of the HIV infection into their framework. A grant is the main way that I will have the option to launch my logical profession journey. With a tad of karma, I will get one of the fortunate beneficiaries of the Golden Jubilee Scholarship and be given an uncommon chance to make a plunge into the universe of Biotechnology. As an effectively taking an interest understudy of UNSW, every second that I am nearby will be spent in anticipation of my future vocation. I will invest however much energy as could be expected gaining from the accessible guides and introducing my thoughts for the HIV immunization to different understudies and employees who might have the option to assist me with getting a head start in the improvement procedure. Maybe I will get an award that will permit me to do logical investigations of the HIV infection and its transformations with an end goal to help check the spread of the infection. I will ceaselessly include my classmates who share a similar intrigue and enthusiasm for biotechnology as I do. Ideally, we will have the option to sort out ourselves into the pioneer bunch that will focus on the a ntibody improvement, in this way catapulting UNSW to the cutting edge of HIV innovative work. I am anticipating enlisting at UNSW with the goal that I can develop my current information on organic and mechanical procedures engaged with the biotechnological zone. Upon graduation, I would like to see my name become interchangeable with advancement biotechnological headways and medicines of different ailments. I am not kidding about my desire and objectives. I trust that the Golden Jubilee Scholarship will do just

Discussion questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Conversation questions - Coursework Example ather urge bosses to put choice framework preferring ladies in the recruiting procedure as a governmental policy regarding minorities in society so as to help their cooperation in national structure. This infers the segregation could be defended as a system of smoothening out the business segment based on quantities and relative introduction in the work area (Coral and Practicing Law Institute, et al. 2009). Business segregation has frequently been answerable for upgraded fairness in work arrangements particularly in across Canada where disparity is profoundly incorporated. Be that as it may, separation depends on differing factors or grounds. Certain grounds are unsuitable while others are commonly acknowledged. In the Canadian area of Alberta, separation based on sexual direction is denied. Specifically, either gay or lesbians confronting segregation based on their sexual direction are precluded from plan of action by means of well-suited systems set down in the IRPA empowering them to subject their encounters of separation other than crippling them to maintain a legitimate cure (Koral and Practicing Law Institute, et al. 2009). A Canadian manager may legitimize the unfavorable ramifications of the system utilized in work determination on a few grounds. For example, as per the Alberta Human Rights Act, there are exclusions to separation. This implies a few grounds of separation are reasonable. In area 7 of the Act, a business might be legitimized to separate if such segregation depends on word related prerequisite. In this way, area 11 legitimizes separation if such activity is both ‘reasonable and admissible inside the predominant circumstances’ (Koral and Practicing Law Institute, et al. 2009). In such manner, employer’s oppressive practices show the way that their guidelines don't repudiate the law. To oblige a person to a state of undue hardship essentially involves an arrangement under the Supreme Court of Canada

Procrastination For Finals

Procrastination For Finals My last assignment for the semester was turned in on Tuesday, and basically three finals stand between between me and the summer! (i have them on Tuesday, Wednesday, AND Thursday morning). So to procrastinate on studying for finals, I cooked dinner instead today. =p (it didnt really take that long; i dont usually cook dinner during term just because im too lazy when theres a lot of assignments and exams i really only cook about 3 times in one semester) Mushroom Risotto! (serves two) 1 cup arborio rice (this kind of rice is sticker and fatter than normal rice to get the consistency you see in risotto) 1/3 can of beef stock (in retrospect, it might have been better to use vegetable stock because beef stock is kind of thick) 1/2 can of water 1/3 of one onion, chopped into small pieces 4 cloves of garlic, crushed one box of mushrooms box of roast beef from supermarket deli some fresh thyme some olive oil/butter salt and pepper to taste 1. Wash the rice once with cold water, and place in small saucepan. 2. Add beef stock and water to rice. 3. Place rice on the stove on high heat, without lid, until the water boils. 4. Adjust the heat to simmer, and cover the saucepan with a lid. Cook until you can see that most of the water has been absorbed into the rice (takes about 15-20 minutes) 5. In the meantime, sautv © the onion and the garlic with olive oil (or butter), until they turn golden brown (and smells really good). 6. Add in the mushrooms once the aroma from the onion and garlic has developed. 7. Stir-fry the mushrooms. About a few minutes into the process, a lot of water will come out from the mushrooms that you are sautv ©ing. Keep going at it until all of that water has evaporated (or about to disappear). 8. Season the mushrooms with salt and pepper once it looks about finished. 9. During this time, take the rice that youve been cooking in beef stock and mix it in with the mushrooms. (if the rice finished cooking before youve finished with the mushrooms, you should take the rice off the stove before it burns). 10. Take the risotto off the stove once the rice and mushrooms have blended together and the rice has absorbed all the remaining moisture in the pan! 11. Garnish with fresh thyme, and add roast beef for a yummy meal! (you can add kimchi too, but I eat kimchi with literally anything) (i wish i had some white wine to add when cooking the mushrooms =p it would make it smell so good!) Yupyup. Back to studying for finals =p

Copyright Law Protects Functional Products, Processes, And...

Introduction â€Å"Intellectual Property†(IP) provides an intangible property rights protecting a product or creations, and regulates the uses of different sorts of ideas and insignia such as industrial design, literature, and artistic works inclusive of symbols, names and images. It is enforced by means of patented inventions, copyrights and trademarks where each protects distinct subject matter and promotes a unique social goal. Patent law protects functional products, processes and designs. The inventions must be new, useful, and non obvious to a person skilled in the relevant art. Copyright law protect expressive works where it has to be original, incrementally creative, and fixed in a tangible medium of expression.†¦show more content†¦During this time, some European countries managed without any patent law. Arguably, the first modern patent law is the 1836 United States Patent Act which enforced that all applications had to be examined by the government pate nt office for novelty and usefulness in a non-discriminatorily manner. Similar examination system is the German Patent Act of 1887 . As adopted by most countries, invention that is considered against to public order or ethics can be exclude, such as prohibiting the patenting of inventions concerning luxuries, medicines, articles of food, or chemical products. Historically, copyright’s originated during Renaissance in Italy. But, the English Statute of Anne of 1710 is the most famous early copyright law and seen as the origin of the copyright law. It provides statutory protection in books and other writing as it explicitly introduced the concept of an author being the owner of the copyright. Designs and Trademarks are new categories of intellectual property law and are subjected to more recent statutory protection. Types of Theory There are many theories, arguments or justification available for Intellectual Property rights. However, five basic arguments can be use namely natural rights arguments, reward arguments, incentive arguments, neoliberal economics and arguments from democracy. This essay will focus on the natural rights arguments. Natural Rights

The First Amendment Speaks On The Freedoms Of Religion

Hannah Bing Judy Hatcher WRIT 3037 17 October 2016 Free Art The First Amendment speaks on the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition; so important, they found their place in the US Constitution. Even with these freedoms meaning so much to the majority of America, somehow today we still encounter differences in political and religious views that seem to provoke people to act violently against a piece of art or even physically against the artist that created it such as in the recent case of artist Illma Gore. Often the violent action of destroying a work of art is â€Å"more offensive† than the image itself. We should allow artists free reign of subject matter as well as style and work together to prevent art desecration and violence through education of the arts. Censorship is the result of the fear of art. When the fear of art turns into iconoclasm or, rejection of a valued belief system, that fear becomes lack of government funding, desecration, and physical violence. Visual artists fell through the gaps and did not receive federal support for their work until the creation of the NEA or National Endowment for the Arts in 1965. This federal program had little funding but proved a growing interest in art and art viewing from the public. This demand for art creates a demand for funds to support venues and museums so they can keep their doors open. A problem with the NEA is that they provide government funding, which prevents them from being biased aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The First Amendment842 Words   |  4 PagesThe freedom of religion, speech, and petition are some of the rights that make up the first amendment. Before the first amendment became part of the Bill of Rights in 1791 James Madison united a series of the proposed amendments, which only twelve were approved by Congress (book). The anti-federalists sent more than 200 potential amendments to Congress because they wanted a protection for individuals that did not agree or we re against the power of the central government (book). These amendments haveRead MoreThe First Ten Bill Of Rights862 Words   |  4 PagesDecember 15, 1791, the first ten bill of rights which are the first ten amendments to the constitution went into effect. The first amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress grievance†. This prohibits the government from establishing a religion. To Americans it is importantRead MoreI Had A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.1684 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted the United States civilization as we know it. Our freedom of speech and the freedom to associate ourselves with who we please has helped the United States nation grow in development and tolerance. The ability to speak and act on our actions will have an effect on our posterity and how they will live and how their generation will think. Our capability to say and protest what we think was accustomed to us by the first amendment in the United States constitution’s bill of rights. Read MoreThe Bill Of Rights By James Madison835 Words   |  4 Pagesthe original 10 amendments. These amendments protect our personal freedoms and outlines the responsibility of out government. The people are the â€Å"protectors† or enforcers of these amendments. The first amendment is the most important amendment while the 3rd amendment is no longer relevant. The Bill of Rights is supposed to to guarantee American citizens certain personal freedoms and is supposed to protect citizens from police, military, and the judicial branches. The first amendment, arguably the mostRead MoreThe First Amendment : The Second Amendment1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment The first amendment is one of the most used amendments today. Everyone in the world uses it and sometimes takes advantage of it and most times uses it when needed to. The Bill Of Rights was created on December 15th of 1779 and was created to make some rules in the future because no one had the freedom to do anything. Most were punished if they spoke their opinion, they did not even have the right to choose their own religion. But that all changed when James Madison wrote the BillRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment is arguably one of the most important amendments ever added to the Constitution of the United States. It is designed to protect four basic freedoms: the freedom of speech, freedom of religion, the right to assembly and freedom of the press. When this amendment was drafted by the founding fathers, it was done in response to some of the events that had precipitated the American Revolution. Over time, the interpret ation of these freedoms has changed as seen by various actions inRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Freedom Of Speech1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe Freedom of Speech: A Literary Analysis of the American Identity   Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.† The First Amendment gives Americans the right to speak their minds no matter what their ideas are, and prohibits the government from taking that right away. The freedoms of speech, religion, and theRead MoreRights and Freedoms766 Words   |  4 Pages 2013 Mr. Elliott Rights and Freedoms What would it be like if we as American citizens did not have any rights or freedoms? Thankfully we will never have to worry about thanks in regards to our founding fathers and the Bill of Rights. In this essay I will discuss which freedom in the First Amendment to the Constitution is most relevant to me personally. I will also analyze and discuss the significance of the Bill of Rights and subsequent notable amendments to the U.S. democracy. Finally, IRead MoreEssay about Bill of Rights1608 Words   |  7 Pages In 1791, the Bill of Rights, consisting of 10 amendments, was ratified into the constitution. The document’s purpose was to spell out the liberties of the people that the government could not infringe upon. Considered necessary by many at the time of its development, the Bill of Rights became the cause for a huge debate between two different factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union cr eated with a strong centralizedRead MoreBill of Rights: Four Freedoms1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe first amendment of the Bill of Rights to the constitution guarantees four freedoms: freedom of religion, speech, press and assembly. The Bill of Rights was passed on December 15, 1791. Since then, the freedoms have been debated, discussed, and fought and died for. Many have immigrated to America to receive those freedoms. The Founding Fathers knew what they were doing because they believed in power of ideas and debate, not censorship. The first amendment to the constitution is important because

The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock by T.S. Eliot Free Essays

â€Å"The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock† is a poem written by T. S. We will write a custom essay sample on The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock by T.S. Eliot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eliot, who introduces to the readers an overwhelming question, which pertains to whether the main character, Alfred Prufrock, should overcome his indecisiveness and fear or continue in his comfortable and dull existence. Prufrock is not happy with the decisions he has made in life, and that fact is very clear, as he tortures himself with internal conflict throughout the poem. In the beginning lines of the poem, he enthusiastically invites the reader, or possibly his alter ego, on a journey in the night. However, he later describes â€Å"half deserted streets† holding â€Å"insidious intent;† this hardly paints a pleasant picture (Eliot 4,9). The streets seem to represent Prufrock’s internal debate; an internal debate that prevents him from taking action in the conflict Eliot uses to portray Prufrock’s struggle, opening up to a women. Unfortunately, Prufrock’s tendency is to have â€Å"a hundred visions and revisions,† and eventually â€Å"turn back and descend the stair† (Eliot 33,39). This refusal to act is the consequence of his apparent fear of rejection and failure. His fear is simply a product of thought as he overly calculates his life, leaving a life unlived. To justify his decision, Prufrock says that he has â€Å"known them all already,† suggesting that all the women are the same, but in making the decision to not act, he delves deeper into a depleting future with no purpose (Eliot 49). Essentially, Prufrock convinces himself that he is satisfied with a secondary role in his own life, based on the fear that he will fail and be rejected. Therefore, Prufrock answers his question in a very unsatisfying way, as he chooses to remain comfortable. How to cite The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock by T.S. Eliot, Papers

Media Censorship between USA and China-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Compare and contrast media and media censorship between USA and China. Answer: Media censorship is a subtle act of intimidation and suppression of media expression that questions or criticizes the state functioning. Media can be inappropriate for a democratic state and is an indicator of authoritarian regime. Heavy-handed censorship on press is hardly a new phenomenon and can be traced back to 1580s England. This essay is a comprehensive study of freedom of press and its censorship in two countries, USA and China. Countries that are under the tight clenches of media surveillance are Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. The lethality of censorship is more deep-rooted than it is apparent and the paper will precisely explore the areas like the consequences of media censorship, banning of books and suppression of free speech and expression in 21st century. Media censorship is a direct curb of democratic rights that the constitution bestows upon the people. Media censorship has a subtle chain reaction as it not only affects the particular country but d eprives the other countries of eloquent information. The thesis statement of this essay is that although freedom of print media, which is considered the fourth pillar of democracy, is vulnerable in both USA and China, China is more intolerant towards unconfined functioning of the mass media, free circulation of books and pornography in tabloids in comparison to the USA. Problem Statement: the paper revolves around the issues and crisis that has taken place in the countries U.S.A and China due to the autocratic suppression of print media, magazine and pornography in tabloid cannot be easily overlooked. The ideal solution of this scenario of systematic suppression is mass protests by the government and introduction of bills and amendments that will protect the basic rights of free printing that can influence the welfare and opinions of general mass. Unless and until censorship is abolished in the purest sense of the term economic and social oppression will continue to persist insisten tly giving rise to authoritarianism and conservatism. Media personnel are facing inhumane situations like organized violence and threatened environment in both China and USA. In contemporary times, the state of print media and democracy is under deplorable condition, for instance, in China, where a number of journalists were jailed for carrying out their duties under the presidency of Xi Jinping (Phillips 2018). In Macau and Mainland the scenario aggravated with physical tortures with pro-democracy journalists and scholars. In USA, although the constitution allows for an unrestricted flow of information to be dispersed among the public through print media, Trump administration has proliferated the number of arrested of journalists thereby damaging the free spirit of print media (Potter 2018). Gradually, with the introduction of SAPPRFT the journalists of many magazines like New York Times and newspapers Beijing News were banned. Restrictions and consequent termination of a number of journalists from their positions was also executed (Mo unk 2018). In contemporary times, the print media in China has exercised self-censorship in order to report defaming information about its police authorities and public figures like Leung Chun-Yin. Similarly in the USA, the print media has suffered major blows during Trumps regime where a number of journalists lost their jobs clearly substantiating the perils of a new administration can bring in (Mounk 2018). However, when compared to U.S.A, China is perhaps one of the worst authoritarian proprietors of violence on media as it inflicts autocracy through the organized Central Propaganda Department (Kellner 2015). In comparison with China, U.S.A is relatively tolerant towards the free spirit of press. However, there have been a number of factors contributing to a steady decline in the sovereignty of the press. Some examples of these are the several crack-downs which were executed during Obamas administration and the threatening of journalists during campaigns and rallies (Simon 2018). It certainly helps the autocratic leaders to suppress the mass in dire ignorance. If the banning on the books is considered, Governmental control of press in U.S.A and China has resulted in a hostile environment in both the countries. China has evolved to become a regime of strict authority exercising governmental control on press and thereby generating an uncooperative environment for free speech. Chinese print media have succumbed miserably under the political pressures and authorities that impose restrictions on books like Shanghai Baby, Wild Swans and Life and Death in Shanghai (Oppenheim, M. (2018). This atmosphere of hostility towards the book market, which subtly forces ban on a number of books is another instance of the states control of print media. Beijing has inserted a number of restrictions on foreign childrens books like Candy, since books are a major source of knowledge (Ross 2017). CCPs monopolistic control over the publishing houses claiming that the content of the books may threaten the security of the state is another instance of the control of free media. Prior restraint or media censorship is unconstitutional in America, on the other hand, China is unlike U.S.A in exercising dictatorial control over print media, thereby forming a sharp contrast to U.S.A and the amount of freedom which print media and publishing houses enjoy there (Jones 2018). In China there are a number of editorial guidelines that the publishing houses have to confront which has led to a ban on books by the Communist Party of China. The absence of press laws protecting freedom of speech in China for a democratic atmosphere is absent in China (Wigley and Akkoyunlu-Wigley 2017). Chinese Community Party holds a dictatorial position in this regard and was responsible for persecuting journalists, thrusting false charges on authors to curtail the link between their reporting and influencing public opinion. Likewise, in both China and U.S.A, a curb on press is a result of avoiding criticism, to keep the mass ignorant in a subtle manner. The Communist Party of China conditions its power in an authoritarian manner. In fact, like China, in America, the freedom of the press comes repeatedly under strict supervision, for instance with banning of boos like Bridge to Terabithia. The continuous control over press has made the Americans feel vulnerable in front of the colossal institutions and unquestioning power over free bodies (Wigley and Akkoyunlu-Wigley 2017). However, in the USA there is no such state power like China controlling book publication like in China. Media Consumption and power concentration is an important aspect of media censorship. The Chinese Communist Party controls media publications and dictates media consumptions and can also send the journalists behind the bars for carrying out their jobs (Lyn 2017). The Chinese Communist Party has also imposed ban on pornographic elements printed in newspapers, tabloids like Ming Pao and magazines namely in order to promote the values and practices of Communist Party of China in an unhindered manner (Beam 2018). Considering the pornography in the media, it can be said that even in China, restrictions on pornographic elements are primarily due to the negative impact that it can have on the mass (Red 2014). In sharp contrast to this, U.S.A allows a free press uncensored by government agencies acting on the behalf of people. Prior restraint is unconstitutional in America and nobody possesses the right to address press as enemies of people like Trump had (Ditum 2015). In this aspect, China is far behind U.S.A in exercising almost a dictatorial control over print media, forming a sharp contrast to U.S.A and the amount of freedom that media practitioners still enjoy over there. On the contrary, U.S.A being a democratic state has a well-formed legislative and judicial system assuring a free functioning of press, a model that can be followed by countries like China (Lyn 2017). From the above discussion, it can be summarized that democracy in the realm of free speech and print media is in sharp decline in all the countries, but more pronounced in China, and today only 13 percent of the world population enjoys free press. Censorship is the ultimate suppression of free flow of information and proliferating public ignorance. It threatens the very form of democracy and its sacred tenets. The paper analyses how freedom of press is a pre-requisite in the formation of free government and nurturing the growth of an inquisitive mind, critical faculty and open-mindedness of the citizens. In the age of globalization and advanced mode of communication media censorship is nothing less than a setback. Infringement of peoples rights by media censorship in the name of democracy is unethical and unbecoming of democracy. It can be safely concluded that a smooth interchanging of information is a matter of absolute necessity to comprehend the complex functioning of state and i ts direct and indirect influence on the common people. Print media censorship is a common phenomenon more rampant in China, where pro-democracy newspapers, tabloids and books, free printing faced condemnation and repeated attacks from government and police openly. The Chinese government has shown least involvement to promote free functioning of press, beyond the control and supervision of Chinese Community Party in comparison to the media of USA References Beam, C. (2018).Is all pornography banned in China?.Slate Magazine. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/06/they_know_it_when_they_see_it.html Ditum, S., 2015 I Used to Think Being Anti-Porn Meant Being Pro-Censorship. I Was Wrong. Available at: https://newrepublic.com/article/121459/why-im-against-porn-and-its-censorship [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Jones, S., 2018 The Notorious Book that Ties the Right to the Far Right Available at: https://newrepublic.com/article/146925/notorious-book-ties-right-far-right [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Lyn, D.M., 2017. The New Press Index: Varying Effects of Press Freedom and its Relation to Citizen Journalism. Mounk, Y., 2018. The People Vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom is in Danger and how to Save it. Harvard University Press. Mozur, P., 2018 China Presses Its Internet Censorship Efforts Across the Globe Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/02/technology/china-technology-censorship-borders-expansion.html [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Noam, E.M., 2016. Who owns the world's media?: media concentration and ownership around the world. Oxford University Press. Oppenheim, M. (2018).China bans George Orwell's Animal Farm.The Independent. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-animal-farm-ban-censorship-george-orwell-xi-jinping-power-letter-n-a8235071.html Phillips, T., 2018 Ce*sored! China bans letter N (briefly) from internet as Xi Jinping extends grip on power Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/28/china-bans-the-letter-n-internet-xi-jinping-extends-power [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Potter, T., 2018 Pennsylvania school newspaper censored after school board member condemns homosexuality and teaching evolution Available at: https://www.splc.org/article/2018/03/elizabethtown-expression-censorship [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Red. P., 2014 David Cameron's internet porn filter is the start of censorship creep Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/03/david-cameron-internet-porn-filter-censorship-creep [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Ross, E., 2017 Why is china banning Winnie the Pooh and other foreign picture books? Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/china-ban-books-children-567565 [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Schroeder, R. ed., 2016. Max Weber, democracy and modernization. Springer. Shah, A., 2009. Media conglomerates, mergers, concentration of ownership.Global Issues. Simon, I., 2018 Justice for the Eight Comrades Available at: https://socialistworker.org/2018/02/28/justice-for-the-eight-comrades [Accessed 3 Mar. 2018] Sunstein, C.R. and Randall, L., 2017. Political Control Over Public Communications by Government Scientists. Wigley, S. and Akkoyunlu-Wigley, A., 2017. The impact of democracy and media freedom on under-5 mortality, 19612011.Social Science Medicine,190, pp.237-246.

The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Throughout the universe, there are many diverse civilizations, each of these distinguishable civilizations have different backgrounds, rites and patterns. These civilizations have a profound consequence on the heads of their dwellers. It # 8217 ; s a individual # 8217 ; s civilization which effects their ideas, beliefs and their mentality upon life. It doesn # 8217 ; t affair where you are from or where you go to, you ever have a piece of your civilization with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritage # 8217 ; s and background which molds your head, and your ideas of how you perceive the universe around you. In every civilization different facets of the society are viewed otherwise. Some civilizations portion similarities with other civilizations about how they view things. In many civilizations athleticss plays a cardinal function in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the athleticss. No affair where you are from, athleticss will ever play a function in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many times in literature you can state where the scene is or where the writer is from by the manner the community or society in the literature position athleticss. If you look at the literature that writers produce and where they are from, you will detect a common tendency in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the author affects the position in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the authors perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the scene of the narrative and the mundane activities that the character go through. Two premier illustrations of how an writers cultural heritage affects the position that they write from is the South African writer Bryce Courtenay and the American writer Ernest Hemingway.Bryce Courtenay was born and raised in South Africa and received his early instruction at that place. He spend the bulk of his adolescent life in South Africa and in his concluding twelvemonth in Africa he spent it in the Cu m ines of Central Africa, before he moved to England to finish his education.1 Courtenay spent his early life in Africa, and the African civilization had a profound affect him. His clip in the Cu mines besides had a acute consequence on him and it is seeable in his authorship, when he wrote about the mines in Africa. In the book The Power of One, Courtenay writes form the position of a immature British male child in South Africa which shows how cultural heritages affects the authors perspective.It is evident that the biass had a amazing affect on Courtenay, particularly with the hate between the Boers, Blacks and the British. Because of the hatred traveling on in South Africa at the clip of his turning up and even today, you can feel a tone of racism in his authorship. # 8220 ; Please, Meneer, he hates great millets ( inkinesss ) merely like you. # 8221 ; 2 Frequently in the book the black are referred to great millets and other derogatory footings. Through the old ages, because of wars and other dissensions the Afrikaners have come to detest the British, and frailty versa and the Blacks in southern Africa have ever been hated of all time since the white Europeans arrived.This hatred started between the British and the Afrikaners when the British first came to Africa during the slave trade. The Boers from Europe, had migrated to Africa for freedom, freedom of faith and of the biass that they faced in Europe. There was peace between the British and the Boers until the Boer democracies were found to be rich in diamonds and gold. Fortune huntsmans, largely British, poured in to interest claims,3 which belonged to the Boers. That is when the tenseness increased. Soon after was the Boer War, and since so there has been a great sum of tenseness and hatred between the British and the Boers. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; he stopped midway down the back street and shouted in Afrikaans, # 8216 ; I # 8217 ; ll acquire you back for this, you rooinek ( cracker, a derogative term f or the English ) bastard. # 8217 ; # 8221 ; 4 Time and clip once more in the book you can experience the tenseness and hatred between each of the groups in South Africa. Another country of his civilization that is present in the book The Power Of One is that of athleticss. There all athleticss all over this book and in his Hagiographas. In the African civilization athleticss are really large. The athleticss which are the biggest in Africa are rugby and pugilism. Both rugger and pugilism are cardinal parts of the African civilization in the book. Boxing is the cardinal focal point of this book as it is immense throughout all of southern Africa and particularly in South Africa where the narrative takes topographic point. It is Courtenay # 8217 ; s turning up in Africa where pugilism is a immense athletics that affected his writing.In many civilizations athleticss is a cardinal portion of their mundane life. This is besides true in South Africa. It # 8217 ; s the athleticss that gi ves them a beginning of amusement. In South Africa at the clip of this narrative, which is during and after World War II, athleticss were one of the biggest signifiers of amusement, the whole society was shaped around the yearss featuring events. For many of the poorer people, like the inkinesss who were enduring from apartheid, athleticss were one of the lone beginnings of amusement. As it is mentioned in the narrative, some inkinesss traveled many of stat mis merely to see Peekay, the chief character of the narrative, fight.You besides see the cultural differences in the book. There seems to be different athleticss for different civilizations. One of the athleticss that is perceived more civilised in the book is rugby. It is played by both the British and the Boers, but non the inkinesss. It is apparent at the clip that the British thought that they were better than the Boers and the inkinesss. The Boers thought that they were better than the inkinesss, and equal to the British. And the inkinesss seemed to cognize their topographic point as the low adult male on the totem pole. So when it came to certain athleticss, non all of those groups were allowed to take part or would participate.When it came to packaging in South Africa, it was reserved to the Boers and the Blacks. And was said that it wasn’t proper for the British to package, but many still did. And when it came to packaging the British and the Boers didn’t even what to contend the inkinesss. Courtenay’s experience in South Africa and their civilization is shown in great item in the story.It is apparent, through this narrative and that of Courtenay’s experience turning up in South Africa and being exposed to their cultural, and everything that comes along it, has affected his authorship. So in fact his cultural herita ge affected his composing position. His cultural heritage being that of South Africa’s. Ernest Hemingway was born in the United States in Illinois, his life-time spanned 63 old ages, and among those old ages he experienced a twosome of wars and a great depression. Hemingway started composing at an early age, after he finished high school Hemingway got a occupation as a newsman on the Kansas City Star. During World War I Hemingway tried to enlist in the armed forces but was rejected because of an old oculus hurt. So he so volunteered as an ambulance driver on the Italian forepart, and in 1918 he was severely wounded. After the war he settled in Paris, France, where he began to compose fiction. Later in life Hemingway was a war letter writer in Spain, China, and Europe during World War II.5 It was during those old ages in the United States and the other states where Hemingway developed his authorship manner. In his travel to those foreign states Hemingway picked up pieces of th eir civilization and their heritage with him. He took their civilization and heritage added to what he had from place. Even thought he traveled a great extent of his life, he still kept his civilization from place with him. It was these cultural experiences that he wrote the most about. Almost all of his different cultural heritage’s affected his composing position. They appeared in virtually everything that he wrote. Bing in these civilizations many times Hemingway had a first manus experience in their patterns. In Hemingway’s instance the facet of a civilization that stuck with him the most was athleticss. Hemingway wrote the most about many athleticss including, hunting, fishing, bullfighting and packaging. All of these athleticss were brought to him by the civilizations that he was sing, and by witnessing these events his composing position was molded.The short narrative by Hemingway entitled â€Å"Fifty Grand† , is about packaging and the patterns that go o n in the American civilization. In the narrative the over-aged welterweight packaging title-holder is set to contend a turn in which he knows he is traveling to lose to the immature challenger.6 So the champ stakes 50 thousand dollars against himself, and in the concluding unit of ammunition of the lucifer, he has the chance to win, but opts to lose and take the 50 expansive. As the Brennan the former title-holder said at the terminal of the narrative, â€Å"It’s amusing how fast you can believe when it means that much money.†7 As in the South African civilization pugilism was really large in the United States, and it is still large today. That narrative reflected the American civilization that was brought up Hemingway. The factor of the American civilization that affected his authorship is the thought of making everything you can for a vaulting horse, no affair what it takes. As it is shown here, the cultural heritage’s in the United States affected Hemingway v astly. No affair where a author is from or where they go to, it seems that they pick up a piece of a civilization. This piece of civilization that they pick up besides seems to work its manner into their authorship, sometimes it merely spots and pieces of the civilization, other times it is on a much larger magnitude. But this piece of cultural heritage ends up impacting the position of the author. Many times it merely a little thing that the author picks up, and sometimes it is more, but no affair how great or how infinitesimal it is, it affects the writer and their authorship. Baker, Carlos. Hemingway The Writer as an Artist. New Jersey: Princeton Publishing, 1952. Compton # 8217 ; s Synergistic Encyclopedia. New York: Compton # 8217 ; s NewMedia, Inc. , 1995. Courtenay, Bryce. The Power of One. New York: Random House, 1989. Hemingway, Ernest. The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other narratives. New York: Scribner, 1961. Magill, Frank N. Cyclopedia of World Authors. New York: Harper A ; Row, Publishing, Incorporated, 1958. Rouit, Earl. Ernest Hemingway 41. New York: Couple Publishers, Inc. , 1963. Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway a Reconsideration. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Publishing, 1960. 1 Bryce Courtenay, The Power of One ( New York: Random House, 1989 ) 519. 2 Bryce Courtenay 107. 3 Compton # 8217 ; s Synergistic Encyclopedia. ( New York: Compton # 8217 ; s NewMedia, Inc. , 1995 ) . 4 Courtenay 222. 5 Compton # 8217 ; s Synergistic Encyclopedia. 6 Earl Rouit, Ernest Hemingway 41 ( New York: Couple Publishers, Inc. , 1963 ) 61. 7 Ernest Hemingway, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other narratives ( New York: Scribner, 1961 ) 87.

Hydrogen economy essays

Hydrogen economy essays I believe that hydrogen fuel cells are a possible solution for the current energy crunch that we are experiencing today. However, it will take billions of dollars in research, development and infrastructure to get an hydrogen energy economy up and running. Governments and the general public will have to be presented with the positive and negative aspects of hydrogen fuel, then make an educated decision as to whether or not this may be a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Data has reveled that ninety percent of the earths atoms are made up of hydrogen. Because of the abundance of hydrogen and predicted shortages of fossil fuels, we should explore and implement the potential resources that hydrogen fuel holds. Aside from predicted shortages, burning of fossil fuels is the main source of atmospheric carbon pollution, which in turn leads to global warming. Fossil fuels have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 280 to 370 parts per million over the past one-hundred and fifty years. Within the next century this level is estimated to reach 550 parts per million. From what research has revealed, the benefits of hydrogen far exceed the negative attributes. One of the most promising aspects of hydrogen fuel is that the only byproduct is water vapor. The potential that a hydrogen economy has (in terms of lowering our carbon emissions) is substantial. According to the article, another benefit that hydrogen has is that gram for gram this element has more energy than any other fuel. If hydrogen can power a rocket ship into outer space, surely it has enough energy to power automobiles. Hydrogen generation is exceptionally versatile, because can be generated from water, biomass, natural gas. With all of the benefits that hydrogen holds, why havent we already converted to using hydrogen? Mainly because some serious technological advances need to take place first before this can happen. One of the b...

Recruitment Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recruitment Quiz - Essay Example Moreover, the scientific recruitment process is usually conducted by different types of experts where time, energy and money are involved. As a result, Google and other organizations use scientific recruitment to select their employees since it has numerous advantages. In specific, Google ensures that the recruitment process goes through a thorough hiring assessment entailing recruiter screen, phone screen, and on site interview. Additionally, the Company has different experts who are used in the recruitment process such as the Hiring Committee that comprises of senior managers and directors, as well as, experienced employees who assist in making hiring decisions, thus avoiding a situation where bad decisions are made. Google also has a compensation committee that is concerned with ensuring that appropriate decisions are made in relation to what should be given to the qualified employees in terms of compensation for the offer. In a general sense, the scientific recruitment at Google has ensured that there is the right job for the right person, and high efficiency and productivity for the organization advantage (Kumar 2 62). 1. Identifying the gap: the HR department begins by identifying the gaps that are present in different department within the Company, which are as a result of employee turnover and/or increased amount of work that requires extra sources of labor. 2. Advertisement: the HR manager then consult the senior manager who is expected to give an approval on the necessity of recruiting more employees, and further give directions to the advertising department in reference placing the job adverts on various platforms that can easily be accessed by potential job seekers. 3. Screening: The recruiter goes through the applications sent in and matches them with the qualifications and experiences that are required by the Company. The rot that has all or most qualifications depending

Application of a Borrowed Nursing theory to a Nursing Issue Essay

Application of a Borrowed Nursing theory to a Nursing Issue - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that nursing theories have profound effects on nursing practice. They offer a structure to support and express nursing practice and assist in offering solutions to practice problems. An example of a middle-range theory that has been applied to nursing leadership is Jean Watson’s theory of human caring. This essay discusses that this theory offers an ethical structure for nursing management, organizational effectiveness, and quality management. According to Watson, the theory of human caring offers a structure that nurse leaders can employ to reinstate the nurses’ value-oriented mission of care that permits the leaders to care for nurses and promote wellness. As a result, Watson’s theory of human caring can be used to solve staffing issues in the organization. In reference to Douglas, staffing of nurses is an imperative aspect of patient care delivery. The author has rightly presented that nurse leaders can adopt the the ory of human caring to solve staffing issues in myriad ways. One way can be through impacting nursing staff through supporting them to take part in self-care activities and practice kindness and love for self and others. This paper illustrates that the nurse leaders can use the theory to develop and adopt policies that guarantee healthy work settings, restricting work hours and offering time for the nurses to relax and rejuvenate.

Policies and Strategies for Market Failure

Policies and Strategies for Market Failure 1.0 Introduction Market failure refers to a situation whereby a freely-functioning market fails to allocate resources efficiently or optimally resulting in undesirable outcomes. Main examples of market failures include market power, externalities, unequal distribution of economic prosperity and inadequate public goods. Market power occurs when economic actors are able to exert considerable influence on market prices or the quantity of goods sold causing concentration of power and imperfect competition. Externalities are the uncompensated impact caused when the market disregard external costs of an economic activity on the well-being of a bystander. Externalities diverge social costs of benefit from the private optimum, leading to market failure as well. Unequal distribution of economic prosperity occurs as people are rewarded according to their ability in generating high income by producing things others are willing to pay off. Markets fail as significant differences in income and wealth leads to a wide gap in living standards between different groups in the economy. Market also fails when there are inadequate public goods which are not provided by the market mainly because of the free rider issue[1]. Hence public policies are required to correct market failure and increase the efficiency and productivity of the market. This ensures that the market is able to achieve the highest total social welfare, thus allowing a greater distribution of income and wealth and higher standard of living. 2.0 Public Policies Public policies are basically described as attempts taken by the government as an approach towards public issues and are commonly incorporated in legislations, regulations, decisions and actions (Venus 2010). Examples of public policies that can be taken to remedy market failure are legislations and regulations, implementation of taxes, subsidies and price controls. 2.1 Legislations and Regulations Legislation is a law which has been enacted by a governing body whereas regulation is a rule or restriction promulgated to control activities of businesses and consumers. There are two forms of regulations, namely industry regulation which prevents firms from gaining and exploiting excessive market control; and social regulation which protects consumers from social costs like externalities, socially undesirable goods and asymmetric information. Examples include price regulations or orders prohibiting collusive practices and monopolistic behaviours which help reduce concentration of market power. Legislations regarding the protection of the environment can also be enforced to reduce externalities like pollution. Legislations and regulation are also an example of command-and-control policies which are specifically targeted at reducing externalities. Command-and-control policies correct externalities by regulating behaviours directly, making them either required or forbidden. This is usually carried out by respective environmental agencies or commissions of a country, for instance the Environmental Protection Agency in United States which restrict levels of pollution and emissions emitted by factories and industries. 2.2 Taxes Taxes are a financial charge or levy imposed upon an individual or entity. Taxes can be used to regulate the market, redistribute income and reduce externalities through the manipulation of the demand and supply curves in the market. Even so, the tax imposed must be equal to the external cost or benefit to achieve the optimal quantity of output. A form of tax is environment levy which is imposed on firms to make them pay for the negative externalities they created. Taxes can also be imposed on undesirable goods to increase their price and reduce the quantity demanded or even used to compel people to pay for public goods to overcome the free rider issue. Similarly, taxes imposed in accordance with income earned helps reduce the market failure of income differentials. At the same time, taxes also helps increase governments revenue which can be spent on alternatives such as direct provision of public goods and services to compensate for the lack of collective goods. Tax is also part of market-based policies, developed specifically to reduce externalities. Market-based policies internalize externalities by providing incentives so that private decision makers will solve the externalities themselves. An example corrective taxes used to persuade private firms to take account of social costs that arise from negative externalities. Effect of tax on the market can be seen in Diag. 1. Tax imposed on a product would increase its price, effecting both consumers and producers. As production cost increases, the supply curve will shift to the left from S to S1 as producers would decrease the products supply. Since the price of the good is now more expensive, the quantity demanded by consumers would also decrease as seen in the change from Q2 to Q1. However, should the demand of the good be inelastic, taxes would fail to create any significant reduction in the demand of the good as shown in the diagram. For example, cigarettes. 2.3 Subsidies Subsidies, also known as negative tax, are financial assistance provided to businesses or economic sectors. Subsidies are used to assist small and potential firms by reducing their production cost so that they are able to compete against larger firms. They can also come in forms of loans or research and development grants to assist firms in their research to produce products of better quality. This reduces the barriers to entry and simultaneously increases competition among firms in the market besides effectively solving under consumption of resources, a positive externality. Furthermore, subsidies can increase socially desirable goods and assist in the redistribution of income. Even so, the subsidy imposed must be equal to the external cost or benefit to achieve the optimal quantity of output. Effect of subsidies on the market can be seen in Diag. 2. Subsidies imposed on a product would reduce its price, effecting both the consumer and producer. Production cost decrease as producers receive assistance and the supply curve will shift to the right from S to S1 as producers would increase supply. Since the price of the good has now reduced, the quantity demanded by consumers would also decrease as seen in the change from Q to Q1. 2.4 Price Controls Price control is a form of public policy where the government uses its law-making power to regulate prices of goods or services. The government may attempt to fix and enforce exact prices of a particular good or service sold or set a ceiling price or floor price (Johnson 2005). Government will then be able to assist consumers and producers with the impact it has on consumer demand and production of the good or service. Price ceiling is the legal maximum price which a good can be sold at but not any lower than that. An example would be rent control to help poor consumers which cannot afford housing. Price ceiling only takes effect when it is imposed below the equilibrium price as shown in Graph A as producers are forced to meet the maximum price set. However, this may result in shortages (Graph A) as the lower price will increase demand for the product. Price floor is the legal minimum price that can be charged but transactions at higher prices are prohibited. An example is the minimum wage laws which increases workers standard of living. Price floor only takes effect when it is imposed above the equilibrium price as shown in Graph B as suppliers have to raise their prices to meet the governments minimum price. However, a surplus may occur (Graph B) as the higher price will decrease consumers demand. 3.0 Conclusion As a conclusion, it can be seen that markets require public policies and government intervention in order to function effectively and achieve the objectives of producers, especially small and potential firms; and consumers. Market failure can be redressed through enforcement of legislations and regulations, taxes and subsidies and price control which are able to increase competitiveness, redistribute income and reduce externalities and socially undesirable goods. Although the implementation of these policies are useful in reducing negative impacts on the economy and basically have positive implications, there are also drawbacks. For instance, legislations and regulations are difficult and expensive to enforce whereas subsidies requires a government to first have sufficient financial means which prevents all countries from carrying them out efficiently. Price control also results in surplus and shortages of products they are imposed on in the long run which will also lead to inefficie nt allocation of resources. Hence, governments should always analyze the economy carefully and critically and carry out policies accordingly to prevent any further deteriorating of the economy. 4.0 References Books: Mankiw, N. G. 2008, Essentials of Economics, 5th Edn, South West Cengage Learning, United States Webster, N. 2005, Economics, 2nd Edn, Greg Eather, Adelaide Websites: Johnson, P. M. 2005, Price Controls: A Glossary of Political Economy Terms, retrieved 16 March 2010, The Smartacus Corportion 2009, Government Intervention: Price Ceiling, retrieved 17 March 2010, The Smartacus Corportion 2009, Government Intervention: Price Floor, retrieved 17 March 2010, Venus, D. 2010, What is Public Policy, retrieved 16 March 2010, Watkins, T. n.d., Impact of an Excise Tax on Subsidy on Price, retrieved 17 March 2010,

How Noise Affects Memory and Learning

According to past studies background and low-level noise in homes, work, and school, disrupts concentration and lowers the performance of people while learning and studying. For example, Anderson and Fuller (2010) looked at the effects of music on reading comprehension. Their results state the music environment reading comprehension score was lower than the non-music environment score. Even though this study was done with music, no matter what type of sound it is, it will bother someone's concentration and performance on a task.A study has shown having ackground white noise while performing a task, such as word recall, will produce low performance (KJellberg, LJung, ; Hallman, 2008). It also depends on the type of population you are trying to study. For some populations, the predictions of noise being a distraction, is stronger. For example, people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are more vulnerable to distractions than people without ADHD or any other type of disorder (Soderlund, Sikstrom, Loftenes, ; Sonuga-Barke, 2010).This introduction will further examine the effects of noise on learning and memory. Music and Learning/Memory It has been shown that music has a negative effect on reading performance (Anderson r am ; Vizard, 2011). Anderson and Fuller (201 investigation of the effect of lyrical music on reading comprehension by adolescents. They used the reading comprehensions subtest of the Gates-MacGinitie Reading tests, 4th edition. The music that was used in this study was taken from the Billboard Magazine's (2006) top hit singles.Anderson and Fuller (2010) tested three hypotheses; (1) a difference exists between reading comprehension scores completed in the environment without music and scores obtained with lyrical music playing in he background, (2) a gender difference exists regarding comprehension scores completed in the environment without music and scores obtained with background music, and (3) a relationship exists between degree of p reference for studying with music and scores obtained on reading comprehension tests completed in either the environment without music or with music playing in the background (Anderson & Fuller, 2010).The results of this experiment were that across experimental groups of this study, the music environment reading scores were lower in the music group compared to the no music group. About three-quarters of the students who took the test did less well while listening to music in the background. This means hypothesis 1 was accepted in this study. Girls had a greater decline in scores under the music environment compared with the non-music environment than did boys, which means hypothesis 2 was accepted.Hypothesis 3 was only semi-accepted because the students total music preference score was not related to their reading comprehension score, but the total music preference score was correlated with the reading comprehension difference score (music vs. no music). The students, who were asked if they usually listen to music while studying, and said yes, had a lower reading comprehension score in both noise conditions (Anderson & Fuller, 2010).Anderson and Fuller (2010) explain that these results happened because students paid more attention to the lyrics depending on if they were listening to the songs and artists they liked or did not like. Perham and Vizard (2011) conducted a study to explore whether the preference of background music influences performance in more realistic cognitive settings, such as doing everyday tasks. According to Perham nd Vizard (2011) research suggests that listening to background music prior to task performance increases cognitive processes, such as attention and memory, through the mechanism of increasing arousal and positive mood.Their hypothesis was if this mood and arousal extends to more common and realistic music, then the preference for background music while studying should show greater recall performance while listening to liked mus ic than disliked music in the background. If the preference of music shows no effect, then performance should be the same in both liked and disliked music conditions. In this study done by Perham and Vizard (201 1), their procedure was done by selecting music by asking their participants to bring in music they have listened to on a daily basis, and they excluded people who like to listen to thrash metal music.The results of this test were only correct if an item was recalled in the exact same position in which it was presented, which showed that performance was best in the quiet condition. The liked music condition, in which participants brought in their own music, showed the highest rating for the likeability and pleasantness properties. The quiet condition was less distracting than the other ound conditions. Disliked music, which was the thrash metal, was rated as being more ottensive than the other sound conditions.Even though the results ot this study showed that the liked music condition was the highest rated condition, performance was actually as poor in this condition as the disliked, thrash metal, condition. This study showed that no matter what type of music you listen to, either liked or disliked, both are evenly disruptive. Memory and learning in regular white noise The influence of distracting noise has been studied in children with attention deficit disorder. A study done by Soderlund, et al. 2010), predicted that inattentive children would be enhanced by adding background white noise while attentive children's performance would decline.There were two noise conditions used during this study, which was a high noise condition, and a low noise condition. In the high noise condition, verb-noun sentences were given during the auditory background noise (78 decibels). In the low noise condition, sentences were presented without noise. The results showed that both groups performed at the same level across both sound conditions, but the interaction between noise and the two groups was ignificant. Inattentive children performed better in the high noise condition rather than the low noise condition, but the opposite happened with the attentive children.This study also had to do with reading comprehension. Before the study had started, the inattentive and attentive children were tested for their reading level scores, and the inattentive children had a much lower reading level compared to the attentive children. With these results, there was a negative correlation between reading skills and a positive effect of these scores with the noise in the background, a positive orrelation between attention and reading ability, and a positive correlation between teacher ratings of the children being inattentive and their hyperactivity.This study showed that there was a significant improvement in performance for the children rated by their teachers as inattentive, and a decline in performance for those rated as attentive as noise levels were increas ed. KJellberg, et al. (2008) studied the effect of white noise on word recall. They predicted that (1) recall of words is better without background noise, (2) recognition of sentences is less sensitive to the noise han the recall of words, but background noise prolongs response times, and (3) the expected noise effect on recall and recognition will be weaker for subjects with high working memory capacity.There was a free recall of long word lists that was performed with and without background noise. Working memory capacity was tested with a test of reading span. A third test was done with sentence recognition in the same conditions done in the word recall test. This sentence recognition test was less of a resource for results, but was included for the measurement of response times in both noise conditions. For the results of this study, the word lists were split up into three parts (first, 10, middle 30, last 10).The reason for splitting up the second, third, and fourth groups of 10 words was that in these groups, many subjects did not recall any item correctly. In line with the hypotheses, subjects remembered less of the words when presented with background noise. Recognition of sentences was found to be unaffected by the noise, and the performance of this task was unrelated to reading span. The hypothesis was confirmed regarding performance of the word recall task, but not for the sentence recognition task.The effects of noise were apparent on the recall of the first and last part of the word list, which shows that retrieval from a short term and long memory storage were both impaired by noise. The hypothesis stating that noise ettects were expected to be less sever tor persons with a better working memory capacity as defined by their reading performance was strongly supported from the noise effect on the recall of the last part of the word list. The hypothesis that word recall was rated as more difficult than sentence recognition in the noise condition was also accepted.For the last of the results for this study, here was a shorter response time with noise in the sentence recognition task. There were more misses with the shorter response time. This does not confirm the hypothesis that decisions should take longer in the noise condition, and there is no obvious explanation for this result. How memory is affected by road traffic noise and meaningful irrelevant speech. The influence of road traffic noise and meaningful irrelevant speech was studied by Boman (2004), Enmarker (2004), and Hygge, Boman, and Enmarker (2003).Boman (2004) predicted that the encoding of new verbal episodic information should be mpaired by both road traffic noise and meaningful irrelevant speech, but the impairment for the encoding will be stronger for the meaningful irrelevant speech, and the impairment will be more for the recall than the recognition of a text in episodic memory. It was expected that both recall and recognition in a text reading task when expos ed to noise during the encoding part would be impaired by noise sources, but the cued recall and meaningful irrelevant speech would be more pronounced.Performance on free and cued recall from the sentences encoded with and without enactment (such as â€Å"roll the ball† or â€Å"kick the ball) would be impaired by oise, but the self-performed enactments will produce a better memory performance, and will withstand both noise conditions. It was expected that intentional memory, and recognition of given names, would be impaired by noise. Like the rest of the predictions for this study, irrelevant speech would be more of an impairment than the road traffic noise.For recognition from non-verbal material (faces) no noise effects were expected because the face recognition test could be assumed to provide enough cues for memory retrieval. An interaction between noise and gender was expected, while girls performance on free and cued recall from the pisodic memory tasks would not be a ffected as bad as boys during noise exposure. To examine the predicted role of attention on episodic memory, attention was measured by a search and memory task.A speech accuracy trade off (SATO) – which is we prefer accuracy over the speed of getting something done – was expected with more lines of the tasks completed in noise, but at a lower accuracy. Boman (2004) split up the results section into five parts. In all of these analyses, the direct effects of noise, gender, and the interactions between noise and gender were all assessed. Episodic memory was assessed first. For cued recall and recognition of text, meaningful irrelevant speech impaired cued recall as expected, but there was no effect of gender or an interaction between gender and noise found for cued recall.In line with the predictions, the analysis for the recognition items also showed a main effect of noise. There was a better recognition in silence than irrelevant speech, but there was no difference bet ween silence and road traffic noise. For free and cued recall of sentences, neither the effect of noise nor the interaction between noise and gender was significant. As predicted, girls' recall performance was igher than the boys in cued recall or categories with enactment. Semantic memory was analyzed second. For word tluency, there was no significant noise ettect or interaction between noise and gender.For word comprehension, there was better word comprehension in silence than in meaningful irrelevant speech. Attention was analyzed next, and this was not impaired by noise, and since this happened, the predicted role for attention on episodic memory can be ruled out. Self-ratings were analyzed last. For affect, there was no significant difference between the three noise groups on the affect dimensions measured before both noise exposures. Meaningful irrelevant speech and road traffic noise did not differ from the silence condition.For annoyance, effort, and difficulty, there were n o significant effects of noise on self reports and the difficulty of reading. Since this happened, the distraction on the text reading tasks in silence and noise can be ruled out as an explanation of the noise effects of recall and recognition. Enmarker (2004) examined how irrelevant speech and road traffic noise affected teacher's memory and attention, and also examined whether the noise effects on memory were age dependent. Ninety-six male and female teachers were chosen to articipate and were between the ages of 35-45 and 55-65.It was predicted that (1) of noise effects on episodic memory – noise would interfere with verbal episodic memory tasks, and impair free and cued recall and recognition, but the recall was supposed to be impaired more than recognition tasks, (2) like Boman (2004), most of the episodic memory tasks, the meaningful irrelevant speech will impair the tasks more than the road traffic noise, (3) the older teachers should be less able than the younger teac hers to accurately recall, both free and cued, tasks in the noise ondition, (4) of noise effects on semantic memory – less attention requirements are needed during retrieval than during encoding.More automatic than controlled retrieval is present in more semantic memory, and this study was not sure whether noise would affect the semantic memory system, and (5) of noise affects on attention – noise would impair attention as the result of fewer resources available for the task. There will be a fast performance for answers, but most of these answers will not be accurate. For the results of this study by Enmarker (2004), younger teachers overall ad a better hearing status than the older teachers.Noise impaired cued recall of the text in episodic memory, but the impact of irrevlevant speech and road traffic noise did not differ. There was no difference between the younger and older teachers performance during noise impairment. There was no significant difference of effort m ade during text reading for subjects in silence and irrelevant speech, and also the perception of difficulty to the text. The recall of sentences with and without enactment showed no overall noise effects and no interaction between noise and age.The tasks for intentional and incidental learning and first and family names showed an overall effect of noise. Incidental learning did not show any noise effects. Intentional learning did not show any influences of noise either. There was an overall effect of noise on the three word fluency tests in semantic memory. More words were recalled in silence than in irrelevant speech. The predicted speech to accuracy effect was not supported, and neither was there any interaction between noise and age on attention. The studies done by Boman (2004) and Enmarker (2004) were replications of Hygee et al. 2003). All predictions, basic designs, procedure, and noise controls have been replicated. A types ot episodic and semantic memory tasks are also rep licated. A results have been shown to be the same across all three studies. How learning and memory are affected by aircraft noise Hygge, Evans, and Bullinger (2002) studied the effects of aircraft noise on cognitive performance. Before the opening of the new Munich, Germany airport and the destruction of the old one, children near both of these airport sites were brought in to be tested.Two groups of children, an airport noise group, and a control group – no ircraft noise – were examined. In this study, 326 children participated; 43 children who were by the old airport, were put into a no-noise group; 65 children who were by the old airport, were put into a noise group; 107 who are by the new airport, were put into a no noise group; and 111 who are by the new airport, were put into a noise group. This study assessed how children's reading was affected by changes in ambient noise levels cause by the new airport and old airport locations.On the word- list part of the re ading test, only difficult words showed differences between the groups. The airport group and the high noise exposure were significant. Reading and long term memory affects were related, but disappeared when the old airport closed, and the new airport opened. Although children's reading worsened with noise exposure at the new airport and recovered following lower noise exposure at the old airport, speech perception deficits among noise exposed children at the old airport did not recover.Performing the task in acute noise or no noise did not qualify for the interaction involving chronic aircraft noise over time, but there was a main effect of acute noise. The last was that poorer short term memory performance of the noise group recovered to reach the level of the control group's performance. Separate tests showed more correct responses in the no-noise group than in the noise group. For the conclusion of this study done by Hygge, et al. (2002) it states that noise exposure damages the development of speech perception in different ways during the early and late stages of the reading comprehension tasks.This study also raises a question about the validity of inattention or â€Å"tuning out† different noises as an explanation for the impact of noise on reading performance. How visual memory is affected during white noise A study was done by Wais and Gazzaley (2011) about the impact of auditory distraction on retrieval of visual memories. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of sound distraction on retrieval of episodic memory. Based on prior research, Wais and Gazzaley stated that there is a possibility that the environment changes may interfere with the recollection of visual memories.This study hypothesized that a comparison of effects of distraction from different sensory systems might slow down evidence for or against interference on recollection. This experiment studied the influence of sound distractions on episodic memory recollections usi ng both busy caf © sounds and white noise. There were a few different results found in this study. With auditory distractions and false alarms, there was a greater amount of false recollection during silence compared to both the white noise and the auditory distraction of a busy caf ©.Relevant visual details during the test with the busy caf © noise showed significant decline compared to white noise and silence. There was no difference between white noise and silence. These results show that auditory istraction (busy caf © noise) showed more of a distraction than white noise. It might be possible that the results ot talse alarms are greater in silence because the participants are more relaxed during this time period and might loosen their decisions. There was also a task done with visual distractions.In this experiment, the conditions corresponding to the silence, white noise, and the auditory, busy caf ©, distraction conditions in the present study were the eyes shut, eye s open with a grey screen, and eyes open with a complex natural scene. One distracting complex natural scene was presented at each trial. Stimulation during the auditory, busy caf ©, distraction is more dynamic than that from the eyes open-grey screen images (Wais & Gazzaley, 2011). The results of the visual distraction showed that recollection of relevant visual details during the auditory distraction showed low accuracy compared to silence and white noise conditions.In comparison with these studies, the present study is going to be studying how auditory distractions affect memory. The test that was presented to our participants was the digit span test and a reading comprehension test. The digit span test is used to measure working memorys umber storage capacity (Cambridge Brain Science). The participants were presented with a series of numbers (e. g. 6, 7, 9) and must repeat them back immediately, and if they do this accurately, they will be given a longer list of numbers (e. g. 6, 4, 8, 9) Oahanshahi, Saleem, Ho, Fuller, & Dirnberger, G. 2009). Both the reading comprehension test and the digit span test was presented in three different noise conditions, (1) obnoxious noise, (i. e. Jackhammer) (2) calming noise (i. e. bird chirping), and (3) no noise/regular classroom noise, such as students in the hallways, or onstruction outside the windows. A question that is being asked is how do different noise conditions affect memory for both these tasks? It was hypothesized that participants in the no noise/regular classroom noise will perform better than in the two noise conditions.Method Participants Data was collected from participants who signed up for Experimental Psychology experiments, which helped with the random sampling of the students. Seventy-one students participated in the study (57 females and 13 males) ranging from ages 18 to 24. Twenty-two subjects were in the no sound condition, twenty in the calming noise i. e. bird chirping) condition, and twent y-nine in the obnoxious noise (i. e. Jack hammer) condition. All participants gave informed consent before participating in the experiment. Only one participant reported having a hearing problem.Materials Questionnaire. A self-made questionnaire was given to each student during the experiment. This questionnaire consisted of (1) age, (2) gender (a) female or (b) male, (3) what is your current academic standing? (a) Freshman, (b) Sophomore, (c) Junior, or (d) Senior; (4) Overall GPA; (5) Do you currently wear glasses or contacts? (a) yes, or (b) o; (6) Are you hearing impaired? (a) Yes, or (b) no; (7) How do you study? (Choose all that apply) (a) silence, (b) with television, (c) with music, (d) with friends, (e) other (8) Please rate how stressed you feel when you study? (a) no stress, (b) okay, (c) great, (d) stressed, or (e) very stressed; (9) Do you better under your course material when: (a) a professor lectures (b) when you read your textbook/notes on your own, or (c) both. Rea ding Comprehension test. An 8th grade reading comprehension test was presented to the participants. The test was chosen from the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test which was tound online (Florida Department ot Education). T story is called â€Å"The Wreck of E. S. Newman† by Ruth Ewers. The story also had questions that were answered by the participants.This passage also came with the answers to these questions. Participants must pay close attention to the story because once the story is taken away from them, they were no longer able to go back and look at it. Digit Span Test. The Digit Span test was originally a subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WA'S) (Cambridge Brain Science). David Wechsler used the digit span test to test the participants working memory. Analysis of the digit span test suggests that participants must hold the first few items presented in memory. According to Jahanshahi, et al. 2008) the digit span test monitors incoming information, and revises updated information by changing the new items. The Digit Span test can be presented verbally, or on a computer program. In the present study, the Digit Span test was pre-recorded so that the variable was held constant and the participants will have no problem understanding what we say. Participants were presented with a string of random numbers and were asked to repeat the string of umbers forward. This means if the numbers are presented as 6-1-2, they must write those numbers down in that particular order.Participants may find themselves rehearsing the string of digits as they hear them being presented from recording. The Digit Span is scored 2, 1, or O; 2 points if the participant passes both trials, 1 point if the participant passes only one trial and O points if the participant fails both trials. Even though there are two trials, we only used one trial for this experiment and was scored using 1 point. PANAS scale. The Positive and Negative Affect schedule is a 0-item sel f-report measure of positive and negative affect developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen (1988).The negative scale has three subscales (1) distress, (2) unpleasureable engagement, and (3) the absence of feelings. Positive affect represents an individual with high pleasurable experiences and engagement with the environment. Emotions of happiness and alertness are indicated with the positive affect of the PANAS, and emotions of sadness and lethargy are indicated with the negative affect (Crawford & Henry, 2004). The participants were asked to read each item and list the number from the scale next to each word. This indicated the way a person feels at the present moment.The rating scale is (1) very slightly or not at all, (2) a little, (3) moderately, (4) quite a bit, and (5) extremely. The 20 words that will be presented on the PANAS scale are (1) interested, (2) distressed, (3) excited, (4) upset, (5) strong, (6) guilty, (7) scared, (8) hostile, (9) enthusiastic, (10) proud, (11) ir ritable, (12) alert, (13) ashamed, (14) inspired, (15) nervous, (16) determined, (17) attentive, (18) Jittery, (19) active, and (20) afraid. Recordings. The recordings that were used during the experiment are Jackhammers and birds chirping.These sounds ame from www. sounddogs. com and were played from a CD through the computer system from the classroom that was used to perform the experiment. The exact name for the Jackhammer sound from the website is called â€Å"Tools – Jackhammer – Ext – MCIJ – Jackhammering Concrete Long Stand. † The exact name for the bird chirping sound from the website is called â€Å"Birds – Morning – Suburban Neighborhood Morning Birds – Ext – Distant – 6:30am – Various Pretty Birds Sing ; Chirp. † Procedure The experiment was conducted in a St. Francis College classroom.Since some classrooms nave ditterent color walls, we decided to use a classroom witn white olored walls o n all sides. The participants came in and sat down anywhere they want in the classroom, and each participant was given an informed consent. The informed consent explained the basics of our experiment, how long the experiment will take, they may quit at any time, and that they will be anonymous throughout the experiment. After all participants handed in their informed consent, the experiment will start. The digit span test was given out first.As said as before, each string of numbers will be pre-recorded so there are no confounding variables. After one set of umbers is said, each participant will have to memorize that set and write it down. The string of numbers was longer each time they are presented. The reading comprehension paragraph was given next. Each participant was given the paragraph of our choice and was required to remember as much as possible from reading this paragraph. The reading comprehension paragraph was then taken away and the questionnaire was given in between th e reading paragraph and the reading comprehension quiz.This is because we are studying memory and we want to see how much they remember after five minutes. After they have finished with the questionnaire, they were given a sheet with a few questions on it asking them about the paragraph they have Just read. During the digit span test, and the reading comprehension paragraph, each group had noise playing in the background. There were three noise conditions. In the first condition, the obnoxious noise (i. e. jackhammer) was presented, during the second condition, the calming noise (i. e. birds chirping) was presented, and in our last condition, there was no noise presented.The PANAS scale was presented after the experiment was finished to see f the background noise had any effect on the participant during the experiment. After the PANAS a manipulation check was asked to see if the independent variable has had any effect on the participants, and the debriefing about the experiment was presented last. This experiment had two risks which are (1) they might have frustration during each task because of the noise in the background, and (2) because of this frustration they might receive a headache because they could not concentrate well.A benefit the participant will receive is that they may learn their own individual apabilities in learning and memory related to noise. Results The present study hypothesized that participants in the no noise/regular classroom condition will perform better than in the two noise conditions (i. e. calming and obnoxious conditions.

The Danielles Gordon Rule Architecture Essay

For my Gordon Rule Paper I have decided to compose about the Egyptians since I have ever found them intriguing. The primary subject I will be discoursing would be the manner in which the antediluvian Egyptians would see, and considered decease, due to how immensly different we as Americans view decease today. The huge bulk of Americans fear decease more than anything else. We go to great lengths to guarantee our wellness, saftey, and endurance. To us there is nil worse than decease, whereas to every Egyptian decease was seen as a desirable transmutation, ? the transition of the true ageless life? ( Guide to The Valley of The Kings page 159, 1996 ) . Death in no case was considered a calamity or an terminal but as a welcomed ansition into the Afterlife. As decease was of such an importance it was necessary that great attention be taken for a smooth passage to immortality, this is a major ground that the Pharaohs contents of the grave were of such importance. Egyptians accent on the im portance of rites, imposts and beliefs every bit good as funerary architecture can be seen clearly in the find of the grave of King Tutankhamun, or as most people know him King Tut. The planning that went into every Pharaohs grave was highly complex, as each grave was significantly different in footings of the grave layout and wall ornaments. The tombs construction and layout had to somehow reflect the formation and projection of the solar star. Wall ornaments in the grave Don? t represent the Pharaohs mundane life but that of their Afterlife and the challenges the Pharaoh has to set about in order to make the Kingdom of Orisis – land of the Afterlife. These graves were expansive and consisted of a figure of suites and courtyards, grave walls were normally stoned lined walls and limestone columns. This type of grave was built below the land, as normally the chapel was built on the surface and the burial Chamberss below the land. Rock cut chapels were more normally used by Pha raohs and those of the richer society as the bouldery parts of Egypt best suited the edifice of these graves. The Nile country was bouldery and featured many drops, so these were first-class locations for the film editing of the graves straight in the hillside. The most common chapel consisted of a door which lead into a transverse hall, behind which was a corridor that ran directly to the drop. Over clip stone grave became more luxuriant, and became more cosmetic and narrower as they now ran straight into the drop, these graves were the most impressing of all the grave in Egypt, as they featured expansive frontages frequently with pillars and big staircases. Tombs contained wall ornaments, which dealt with the Afterlife and the way the Pharaoh will take to make the land of Orisis. A royal grave could be completed within a few months for a simple grave or for a more larger and complex grave it varied from six to ten old ages. Decorations varied for each Pharaoh from luxuriant pictur es to imitations of papyrus. All texts painted on walls were taken from? the great charming faith anthologies of the clip such as the Book of the Dead and the Book of the Earth? ( Guide to the Valley of The Kings page26, 1996 ) . These charming and spiritual texts were drawn on the walls for the deceased to inform, and usage as a valuable tool for them to do certain that they had adequate cognition of charming expressions for them to utilize during the Afterlife. The New Kingdom royal graves featured ceiling ornaments, which included star maps, which represented the day-to-day birth of the Sun. Puting a burial underneath a symbolic symbol was considered of great importance for the Resurrection of the organic structure. Texts and drawings on grave walls contained assorted colorss ; each coloring material used represent Egyptian rites. Colorss such as white represents Silver, Blackrepresented decease and ageless saving and Red represents fire and blood. As a lead up to the star the li fe of the deceased is painted, including all facets of the asleep households life. Today we chiefly bury our loved 1s in conformity with thier wants, or in a cemetery next to other asleep loved 1s. We bury them six pess under-ground, ( typically ) but merely because that is the minimum deepness a disintegrating cadaver can be buried without holding any consequence on the universe under-which it was buried. Typically it takes about seven yearss from the clip we die untill we are laid to rest. That allows us plentifulness of clip to take a good grave sight, excavation it up, lay the dead down, state some sort words, and make full the hole once more. Ancient Egyptians, on the other manus, took well longer.Before a organic structure was buried the procedure of embalming took topographic point for 70 yearss. Historian Herodotus Tells of three classs of mummification that depended upon the sum of money the deceased had. The most expensive process was the embalming which resembled the God Osiris. The ritual took topographic point normally within 70 yearss and a contract was drawn up between the embalmer? s and the asleep household, which specifies the sum of clip the embalming process will take topographic point. The organic structure was so placed on a wooden tabular array and was purified by rinsing the organic structure in a solution of Nutron. The encephalon was removed from thenasal pit, and the venters was cut and all variety meats were removed and so purified with olfactory property. Once the variety meats were removed they were placed into jars and placed inside the grave. The organic structure is so stuffed with straw, sawdust, clay or linen ; this assists in retaining the deaths organic structures form and is besides wrapped with linen and patchs. Egyptian rites and beliefs besides played an highly of import portion in the lead up to a asleep entombment. The instillment of the entombment, and its grave content, takes topographic point outside the grave. The conveyance of thebody to the grave took signifier of a ritual emanation that usually began on the East bank of the Nile River. After traversing the river to the West the organic structure was placed on a sleigh and drawn by cattle to the grave. Close to the mummy stood two adult females who usually were used to portray the diving grievers Isis and Nephthys who represented the married woman and sister of the God Osiris followed by grievers of the deceased. The last griever in the emanation burnt incense and sprinkled milk at the emanation as they wound their manner to the grave. Ritual terpsichoreans, known as Muu and a priest who honours the deceased now greet the emanation. The ancient rite of the â€Å" gap of the oral cavity † now takes topographic point ; this is the most important portion of the burial traditions, as the intent of this ceremonial is to reconstruct the ma and their power of address, sight and hearing.The organic structure has now completed the first port ion of Egyptian rites. When the asleep approaches the Entrance of the grave a priest who impersonates the God Anubis stands the organic structure in an unsloped place. The priest now touches the oral cavity of the deceased with ritual instruments, which now restores their senses. The following phase is the offering of apparels, unctions and offerings of nutrient so the asleep can take them into the Afterlife. The ma is now ready to be placed into it? s burial chamber, after the door is sealed all footmarks around the grave is swept off and the last rites are read. The phases taking up to the entombment of the deceased was an built-in portion of the Egyptians beliefs and rites, as the Egyptians regarded the dead as being really much alive, populating in their graves like they had antecedently lived in their places. This nexus between the house and the grave was really of import, the grave chapel was normally referred to? the house of infinity? . Outside the chapel it was common to see alcoholics gardens, and tombs environing as Cemeteries were planned to look like illumination metropoliss like the one at Giza. All the above beliefs and rites were clearly uncovered in November 1922 by British archeologist Howard Carter when he discovered the integral grave of King Tutankhamun. Analysis of Tutankhaman? s ma reveals that he was aproxamatly 18 old ages old when he died. The Kings life is still a enigma to this twenty-four hours as historiographers such as Carter believes that it? s about impossible to state whether the King was a victim of unwellness, accident, blackwash or was physically frail like his old inheritors when he passed off. Historians identified the month of his decease to be that of January by analyzing the types of fruit and flowers such as the strawflower which were buried with him. The strawflower normally reaches adulthood in March, and from these findings it is believed that? Amenophis III last boy died some clip in January 1343? ( Tutankhamun and the Discovery of the Tomb page 158, 1972 ) . Tutankhamuns grave features a simple design, which is typical of the Eighteenth Dynasty. The grave features starts, corridors, and Chamberss. The male monarch grave has a figure of suites such as the Annexe, Antechamber, Burial Chamber and the exchequer and all of these suites featured important ornaments. King Tutankhamens grave was so alone as the hoarded wealths inside the grave lay undisturbed to robbers, and during digging Carter recovered over three thousand five 100 articles such as expansive elegant furniture, statues, jewelry, and shrines that were placed in his grave to assist him through to the Afterlife.The male monarchs decease like other Pharaohs was a expansive matter, and was mourned by all of Egypt. By and large after a Pharaohs decease there was a three-month interval between his decease and his entombment. During this clip the complex rite of embalming took topographic point. The embalming of a Pharaoh was known as the? House of Vigor? ( Tutankhamen: Life and Death of a Pharaoh page 163, 1965 ) in which the Pharaohs organic structure was purified and all drosss were removed. After the concluding stage of the mummification ritual takes topographic point, the Pharaoh now passes into infinity. When King Tutankhamuns organic structure was bandaged, each bed contained a hoarded wealth such as aureate objects. When the Kings organic structure was unwrapped over 143 hoarded wealths were found such as pendents, talismans and aureate cots. Like the hoarded wealths wrapped in between the patchs the grave itself was fluxing with hoarded wealths, ? About everything was made of cherished stuff, and gold? this covered a broad mixture of articles necessary to guarantee infinity for the dead? ( Tutankhamun and the Discovery of the Tomb page 70, 1972 ) . All of the Kings suites inside the grave featured important ornaments. The Antechamber held the Tuta royal throne, which is one of the best known objects, found inside the grave. This throne engaged wood with sheets of gold and its dorsum is covered with a scene of the Pharaoh and his married woman Ankhesenamun. The burial chamber features the first wooden casket and the Kings ma. The scenes painted on walls show King Tutankhamun with his Ka at the ceremonial of the? gap of the oral cavity? ( The Discovery of the Tomb Tutankhamun page 37, 1977 ) and his replacement Ay. His burial bay the? ruddy quartzite sarcophagus? ( The Discovery of the Tomb Tutankhamun page 39, 1977 ) casket had five caskets, the first to the 3rd were apelike wooden caskets, the Forth was aureate and the fifth was his ma. The King Tutankhamuns entombment was the same as any Pharaoh and followed all rites and beliefs every bit good as mummification rules. The lone difference was that the King was so immature at the clip of his decease and that boulder clay this twenty-four hours no other grave has been uncovered that all points inside the grave are still integral.It can be seen that burial and decease in general in Egypt was of tremendous importance within the Egyptian society particularly when it was refering person of h igher position like that of a Pharaoh. Egyptians believed in the Afterlife and this played an of import portion in reenforcing the rites and beliefs of decease in Egyptian society as decease was non believed to be the terminal but the beginning of 1s life. This is why rites and beliefs every bit good as architecture and ornaments of graves were emphasised and carried out in the visible radiation of 1s decease. When an antediluvian Egyptian died, he was non buried into the land, mourned and so bury, as people are today. Nor was his grave merely visited at certain times and some nominal words spoken over it, so that one time once more he is forgotten until following visit, like so many of us do. Maybe its the manner we as people have evolved to get by with the hurting of fring a loved one. We as a state do non believe that decease is a good thing in any manner, and we are taught from bith to fear it and fly it for every bit long as we perchance can. I for one bash non fear decease. No t that I look upon it as a good thing like Egyptians, merely as a nessesary thing that all of us must hold happen.